Analysis
NAICS 323117 is the 2022 national industry for books printing, part of 32311 (Printing). Census lists 29 example activities under it in the official index.
Between 2018 and 2023 the number of establishments fell 23% and employment fell 15%. The 2018 count used NAICS 2017, so part of a large move can come from codes being redefined rather than from businesses opening or closing.
County Business Patterns counts 360 US establishments in this code in 2023, employing 18,751 people at an average annual payroll of $55,518 per employee (25th percentile of national industries). 44% of the establishments have fewer than five employees, which is close to the national mix.
By establishments it ranks 3rd of the 3 codes at this level within Printing, with 1.7% of them.
Its index entries, the activities Census uses to assign businesses to this code, include almanacs printing and binding without publishing, almanacs printing without publishing, books printing and binding without publishing and books printing without publishing, among 29 in all.
Its goods appear in 14 statistical lines of the US tariff schedule, mostly under headings 4901 (printed books, brochures, leaflets and similar printed…), 4903 () and 4904 (). That link is how import data is matched to domestic producers, for example in trade-remedy cases.
Official definition
This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in printing or printing and binding books and pamphlets without publishing.
Source: US Census Bureau, NAICS 2022 Manual.
Not this code if…
Index entries (29)
- Almanacs printing and binding without publishing
- Almanacs printing without publishing
- Books printing and binding without publishing
- Books printing without publishing
- Dictionaries printing and binding without publishing
- Dictionaries printing without publishing
- Encyclopedias printing and binding without publishing
- Encyclopedias printing without publishing
- Fiction books printing and binding without publishing
- Fiction books printing without publishing
- Music books printing or printing and binding without publishing
- Nonfiction books printing and binding without publishing
- Nonfiction books printing without publishing
- Pamphlets printing and binding without publishing
- Pamphlets printing without publishing
- Printing and binding books without publishing
- Printing books without publishing
- Professional books printing and binding without publishing
- Professional books printing without publishing
- Religious books printing and binding without publishing
- Religious books printing without publishing
- School books printing and binding without publishing
- School books printing without publishing
- Technical manuals and papers (books) printing and binding without publishing
- Technical manuals and papers (books) printing without publishing
- Textbooks printing and binding without publishing
- Textbooks printing without publishing
- Travel guide books printing and binding without publishing
- Travel guide books printing without publishing