Analysis
NAICS 485999 is the 2022 national industry for all other transit and ground passenger transportation, part of 48599 (Other Transit and Ground Passenger Transportation). Census lists 5 example activities under it in the official index.
Between 2018 and 2023 the number of establishments grew 24% and employment rose 11%. The 2018 count used NAICS 2017, so part of a large move can come from codes being redefined rather than from businesses opening or closing.
County Business Patterns counts 2,285 US establishments in this code in 2023, employing 24,984 people at an average annual payroll of $41,085 per employee (10th percentile of national industries). 67% of the establishments have fewer than five employees, which marks it as a small-business industry.
By establishments it ranks 2nd of the 2 codes at this level within Other Transit and Ground Passenger Transportation, with 36.8% of them.
Census lists 7 related activities that belong elsewhere, most often in 48511, 485210, 4853 and 485410. Businesses that do several things are classified by their primary activity, the one that generates the most value, so check those boundaries before settling on this code.
Its index entries, the activities Census uses to assign businesses to this code, include airport limousine services (i.e., shuttle), airport shuttle services, car pool operation (except ridesharing and ridesharing… and shuttle services (except employee bus), among 5 in all.
Official definition
This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing ground passenger transportation (except urban transit systems; interurban and rural bus transportation, taxi and/or limousine services (except shuttle services), school and employee bus transportation, charter bus services, and special needs transportation). Establishments primarily engaged in operating shuttle services and car pools or vanpools (except ridesharing and ridesharing arrangement services) are included in this industry. Shuttle services establishments generally provide travel on regular routes and on regular schedules between hotels, airports, or other destination points.
Source: US Census Bureau, NAICS 2022 Manual.
Not this code if…
| The business mainly does | Use instead |
|---|---|
| Operating urban transit systems | 48511 Urban Transit Systems |
| Providing interurban and rural bus transportation | 485210 Interurban and Rural Bus Transportation |
| Providing taxi services, ridesharing services, and/or limousine services (except shuttle services) | 4853 Taxi and Limousine Service |
| Providing school and employee bus transportation (including for the disabled or elderly) | 485410 School and Employee Bus Transportation |
| Providing buses for charter | 485510 Charter Bus Industry |
| Providing special needs transportation (except to and from school or work) for the disabled or elderly | 485991 Special Needs Transportation |
| Providing ambulance services for emergency and medical purposes | 621910 Ambulance Services |
Index entries (5)
- Airport limousine services (i.e., shuttle)
- Airport shuttle services
- Car pool operation (except ridesharing and ridesharing arrangement services)
- Shuttle services (except employee bus)
- Vanpool operation (except ridesharing and ridesharing arrangement services)