Analysis
NAICS 811 is the 2022 subsector for repair and maintenance, part of 81 (Other Services (except Public Administration)). Census lists 212 example activities under it in the official index.
County Business Patterns counts 226,009 US establishments in this code in 2023, employing 1,383,304 people at an average annual payroll of $53,967 per employee (23rd percentile of national industries). 63% of the establishments have fewer than five employees, which marks it as a small-business industry.
By establishments it ranks 3rd of the 3 codes at this level within Other Services (except Public Administration), with 28% of them.
Across its national industries Census lists 212 index entries; typical ones are automotive engine repair and replacement shops, automotive brake repair shops, antique and classic automotive restoration and automotive glass shops.
It splits into 4 more detailed codes. The largest by establishments is 8111 (Automotive Repair and Maintenance) with 169,572.
Its more detailed codes are 8111 Automotive Repair and Maintenance (169,572 establishments), 8112 Electronic and Precision Equipment Repair and Maintenance (10,917 establishments), 8113 Commercial and Industrial Machinery and Equipment (except Automotive and Electronic) Repair and Maintenance (22,907 establishments) and 8114 Personal and Household Goods Repair and Maintenance (22,613 establishments).
Official definition
Industries in the Repair and Maintenance subsector restore machinery, equipment, and other products to working order. These establishments also typically provide general or routine maintenance (i.e., servicing) on such products to ensure they work efficiently and to prevent breakdown and unnecessary repairs.
The NAICS structure for this subsector brings together most types of repair and maintenance establishments and categorizes them based on production processes (i.e., on the type of repair and maintenance activity performed, and the necessary skills, expertise, and processes that are found in different repair and maintenance establishments). This NAICS classification does not delineate between repair services provided to businesses versus those that serve households. Although some industries primarily serve either businesses or households, separation by class of customer is limited by the fact that many establishments serve both. Establishments repairing computers and consumer electronics products are two examples of such overlap.
The Repair and Maintenance subsector does not include all establishments that do repair and maintenance. For example, a substantial amount of repair is done by establishments that also manufacture machinery, equipment, and other goods. These establishments are included in the Manufacturing sector in NAICS. In addition, repair of transportation equipment is often provided by or based at transportation facilities, such as airports and seaports, and these activities are included in the Transportation and Warehousing sector. A particularly unique situation exists with repair of buildings. Plumbing, electrical installation and repair, painting and decorating, and other construction-related establishments are often involved in performing installation or other work on new construction as well as providing repair services on existing structures. While some specialize in repair, it is difficult to distinguish between the two types and all are included in the Construction sector.
Excluded from this subsector are establishments primarily engaged in rebuilding or remanufacturing machinery and equipment. These are classified in Sector 31-33, Manufacturing. Also excluded are retail establishments that provide after-sale services and repair. These are classified in Sector 44-45, Retail Trade.
Source: US Census Bureau, NAICS 2022 Manual.
Index entries (212)
- Automotive engine repair and replacement shops
- Automotive brake repair shops
- Antique and classic automotive restoration
- Automotive glass shops
- Automotive oil change and lubrication shops
- Automotive detail shops
- Automotive air-conditioning repair shops
- Broadcast equipment repair and maintenance services
- Agricultural machinery and equipment repair and maintenance services
- Engine repair, small
- Air-conditioner, window, repair and maintenance services
- Aircraft upholstery repair
- Boot repair shops without retailing new boots
- Bicycle repair and maintenance shops without retailing new bicycles