HTS chapter · section XVI
Chapter 84
Machinery and electrical equipment
Chapter 84 of the Harmonized Tariff Schedule sits in section XVI (machinery and electrical equipment). It has 86 headings and 824 eight-digit tariff lines.
The spread of 9.9 percentage points between the cheapest and dearest lines makes misclassification expensive here.
498 of its 823 lines with a percentage rate are duty-free at the general rate (61%) and 325 are dutiable, from duty-free up to 9.9%. The median line pays duty-free.
1 of the lines carry specific or compound rates (per kilogram, per dozen and so on) rather than a percentage, so their burden depends on the unit value of the goods.
The most finely divided heading is 8443 (printing machinery used for printing by means of plates, cylinders and other…), with 31 lines; fine division usually means the rates or the trade statistics differ enough to be worth separating.
32 of its 86 headings are entirely duty-free at the general rate, including 8403 (central heating boilers (other than those of…), 8405 (producer gas or water gas generators, with…) and 8412 (other engines and motors, and parts thereof).
Headings
| Heading | Description | Lines | Free | Median rate |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 8401 | Nuclear reactors; fuel elements (cartridges), non-irradiated, for nuclear reactors; machinery and apparatus for isotopic separation; parts thereof | 4 | 0 | 3.3% |
| 8402 | Steam or other vapor generating boilers (other than central heating hot water boilers capable also of producing low pressure steam); super-heated water… | 5 | 0 | 4.3% |
| 8403 | Central heating boilers (other than those of heading 8402) and parts thereof | 2 | 2 | duty-free |
| 8404 | Auxiliary plant for use with boilers of heading 8402 or 8403 (for example, economizers, super-heaters, soot removers, gas recoverers); condensers for steam or… | 3 | 0 | 3.5% |
| 8405 | Producer gas or water gas generators, with or without their purifiers; acetylene gas generators and similar water process gas generators, with or without their… | 2 | 2 | duty-free |
| 8406 | Steam turbines and other vapor turbines, and parts thereof | 14 | 7 | 2.5% |
| 8407 | Spark-ignition reciprocating or rotary internal combustion piston engines | 21 | 16 | duty-free |
| 8408 | Compression-ignition internal combustion piston engines (diesel or semi-diesel engines) | 6 | 3 | 1.25% |
| 8409 | Parts suitable for use solely or principally with the engines of heading 8407 or 8408 | 10 | 4 | 2.5% |
| 8410 | Hydraulic turbines, water wheels and regulators therefor; parts thereof | 4 | 0 | 3.8% |
| 8411 | Turbojets, turbopropellers and other gas turbines, and parts thereof | 16 | 13 | duty-free |
| 8412 | Other engines and motors, and parts thereof | 10 | 10 | duty-free |
| 8413 | Pumps for liquids, whether or not fitted with a measuring device; liquid elevators; part thereof | 16 | 13 | duty-free |
| 8414 | Air or vacuum pumps, air or other gas compressors and fans; ventilating or recycling hoods incorporating a fan, whether or not fitted with filters; gas-tight… | 21 | 12 | duty-free |
| 8415 | Air conditioning machines, comprising a motor-driven fan and elements for changing the temperature and humidity, including those machines in which the humidity… | 9 | 1 | 1.4% |
| 8416 | Furnace burners for liquid fuel, for pulverized solid fuel or for gas; mechanical stokers, including their mechanical grates, mechanical ash dischargers and… | 4 | 4 | duty-free |
| 8417 | Industrial or laboratory furnaces and ovens, including incinerators, nonelectric, and parts thereof | 4 | 0 | 3.7% |
| 8418 | Refrigerators, freezers and other refrigerating or freezing equipment, electric or other; heat pumps, other than the air conditioning machines of heading 8415;… | 12 | 10 | duty-free |
| 8419 | Machinery, plant or laboratory equipment, whether or not electrically heated (excluding furnaces, ovens and other equipment of heading 8514), for the treatment… | 26 | 22 | duty-free |
| 8420 | Calendering or other rolling machines, other than for metals or glass, and cylinders therefor; parts thereof | 9 | 6 | duty-free |
| 8421 | Centrifuges, including centrifugal dryers; filtering or purifying machinery and apparatus, for liquids or gases; parts thereof | 14 | 11 | duty-free |
| 8422 | Dishwashing machines; machinery for cleaning or drying bottles or other containers; machinery for filling, closing, sealing or labeling bottles, cans, boxes,… | 13 | 12 | duty-free |
| 8423 | Weighing machinery (excluding balances of a sensitivity of 5 cg or better), including weight-operated counting or checking machines; weighing machine weights… | 10 | 7 | duty-free |
| 8424 | Mechanical appliances (whether or not hand operated) for projecting, dispersing or spraying liquids or powders; fire extinguishers, whether or not charged;… | 15 | 9 | duty-free |
| 8425 | Pulley tackle and hoists other than skip hoists; winches and capstans; jacks | 7 | 7 | duty-free |
| 8426 | Ships' derricks; cranes, including cable cranes; mobile lifting frames, straddle carriers and works trucks fitted with a crane | 9 | 9 | duty-free |
| 8427 | Fork-lift trucks; other works trucks fitted with lifting or handling equipment | 5 | 5 | duty-free |
| 8428 | Other lifting, handling, loading or unloading machinery (for example, elevators, escalators, conveyors, teleferics) | 10 | 10 | duty-free |
| 8429 | Self-propelled bulldozers, angledozers, graders, levelers, scrapers, mechanical shovels, excavators, shovel loaders, tamping machines and road rollers | 11 | 11 | duty-free |
| 8430 | Other moving, grading, leveling, scraping, excavating, tamping, compacting, extracting or boring machinery, for earth, minerals or ores; pile-drivers and… | 11 | 11 | duty-free |
| 8431 | Parts suitable for use solely or principally with the machinery of headings 8425 to 8430 | 10 | 10 | duty-free |
| 8432 | Agricultural, horticultural or forestry machinery for soil preparation or cultivation; lawn or sports ground rollers; parts thereof | 9 | 9 | duty-free |
| 8433 | Harvesting or threshing machinery, including straw or fodder balers; grass or hay mowers; machines for cleaning, sorting or grading eggs, fruit or other… | 12 | 12 | duty-free |
| 8434 | Milking machines and dairy machinery, and parts thereof | 3 | 3 | duty-free |
| 8435 | Presses, crushers and similar machinery, used in the manufacture of wine, cider, fruit juices or similar beverages; parts thereof | 2 | 2 | duty-free |
| 8436 | Other agricultural, horticultural, forestry, poultry-keeping or bee-keeping machinery, including germination plant fitted with mechanical or thermal equipment;… | 6 | 6 | duty-free |
| 8437 | Machines for cleaning, sorting or grading seed, grain or dried leguminous vegetables, and parts thereof; machinery used in the milling industry or for the… | 3 | 3 | duty-free |
| 8438 | Machinery, not specified or included elsewhere in this chapter, for the industrial preparation or manufacture of food or drink, other than machinery for the… | 9 | 6 | duty-free |
| 8439 | Machinery for making pulp of fibrous cellulosic material or for making or finishing paper or paperboard (other than the machinery of heading 8419); parts… | 7 | 7 | duty-free |
| 8440 | Bookbinding machinery, including book-sewing machines, and parts thereof | 2 | 2 | duty-free |
| 8441 | Other machinery for making up paper pulp, paper or paperboard, including cutting machines of all kinds, and parts thereof | 6 | 6 | duty-free |
| 8442 | Machinery, apparatus and equipment (other than the machines of headings 8456 to 8465), for preparing or making plates, cylinders or other printing components;… | 4 | 4 | duty-free |
| 8443 | Printing machinery used for printing by means of plates, cylinders and other printing components of heading 8442; other printers, copying machines and… | 31 | 26 | duty-free |
| 8444 | Machines for extruding, drawing, texturing or cutting man-made textile materials | 1 | 1 | duty-free |
| 8445 | Machines for preparing textile fibers; spinning, doubling or twisting machines and other machinery for producing textile yarns; textile reeling or winding… | 8 | 5 | duty-free |
| 8446 | Weaving machines (looms) | 6 | 4 | duty-free |
| 8447 | Knitting machines, stitch-bonding machines and machines for making gimped yarn, tulle, lace, embroidery, trimmings, braid or net and machines for tufting | 11 | 10 | duty-free |
| 8448 | Auxiliary machinery for use with machines of heading 8444, 8445, 8446 or 8447 (for example, dobbies, Jacquards, automatic stop motions and shuttle changing… | 19 | 12 | duty-free |
| 8449 | Machinery for the manufacture or finishing of felt or nonwovens in the piece or in shapes, including machinery for making felt hats; blocks for making hats;… | 2 | 1 | 1.3% |
| 8450 | Household- or laundry-type washing machines, including machines which both wash and dry; parts thereof | 7 | 0 | 2.6% |
| 8451 | Machinery (other than machines of heading 8450) for washing, cleaning, wringing, drying, ironing, pressing (including fusing presses), bleaching, dyeing,… | 10 | 3 | 3.45% |
| 8452 | Sewing machines, other than book-sewing machines of heading 8440; furniture, bases and covers specially designed for sewing machines; sewing machine needles;… | 8 | 7 | duty-free |
| 8453 | Machinery for preparing, tanning or working hides, skins or leather or for making or repairing footwear or other articles of hides, skins or leather, other… | 5 | 5 | duty-free |
| 8454 | Converters, ladles, ingot molds and casting machines, of a kind used in metallurgy or in metal foundries, and parts thereof | 4 | 4 | duty-free |
| 8455 | Metal-rolling mills and rolls therefor; parts thereof | 6 | 6 | duty-free |
| 8456 | Machine tools for working any material by removal of material, by laser or other light or photon beam, ultrasonic, electro-discharge, electro-chemical,… | 15 | 2 | 2.4% |
| 8457 | Machining centers, unit construction machines (single station) and multistation transfer machines, for working metal | 3 | 0 | 3.3% |
| 8458 | Lathes (including turning centers) for removing metal | 6 | 0 | 4.4% |
| 8459 | Machine tools (including way-type unit head machines) for drilling, boring, milling, threading or tapping by removing metal, other than lathes (including… | 13 | 0 | 4.2% |
| 8460 | Machine tools for deburring, sharpening, grinding, honing, lapping, polishing or otherwise finishing metal or cermets by means of grinding stones, abrasives or… | 12 | 0 | 4.4% |
| 8461 | Machine tools for planing, shaping, slotting, broaching, gear cutting, gear grinding or gear finishing, sawing, cutting-off and other machine tools working by… | 10 | 0 | 4.4% |
| 8462 | Machine tools (including presses) for working metal by forging, hammering or die forging (excluding rolling mills); machine tools (including presses, slitting… | 26 | 0 | 4.4% |
| 8463 | Other machine tools for working metal or cermets, without removing material | 4 | 0 | 4.4% |
| 8464 | Machine tools for working stone, ceramics, concrete, asbestos-cement or like mineral materials or for cold working glass | 3 | 1 | 2% |
| 8465 | Machine tools (including machines for nailing, stapling, glueing or otherwise assembling) for working wood, cork, bone, hard rubber, hard plastics or similar… | 11 | 0 | 2.9% |
| 8466 | Parts and accessories suitable for use solely or principally with the machines of headings 8456 to 8465, including work or tool holders, self-opening dieheads,… | 22 | 9 | 3.7% |
| 8467 | Tools for working in the hand, pneumatic, hydraulic or with self-contained electric or nonelectric motor, and parts thereof | 13 | 10 | duty-free |
| 8468 | Machinery and apparatus for soldering, brazing or welding, whether or not capable of cutting, other than those of heading 8515; gas-operated surface tempering… | 7 | 3 | 2.9% |
| 8470 | Calculating machines and pocket-size data recording, reproducing and displaying machines with calculating functions; accounting machines, postage-franking… | 6 | 6 | duty-free |
| 8471 | Automatic data processing machines and units thereof; magnetic or optical readers, machines for transcribing data onto data media in coded form and machines… | 20 | 20 | duty-free |
| 8472 | Other office machines (for example, hectograph or stencil duplicating machines, addressing machines, automatic banknote dispensers, coin-sorting machines,… | 8 | 7 | duty-free |
| 8473 | Parts and accessories (other than covers, carrying cases and the like) suitable for use solely or principally with machines of headings 8470 to 8472 | 13 | 12 | duty-free |
| 8474 | Machinery for sorting, screening, separating, washing, crushing, grinding, mixing or kneading earth, stone, ores or other mineral substances, in solid… | 7 | 7 | duty-free |
| 8475 | Machines for assembling electric or electronic lamps, tubes or flashbulbs, in glass envelopes; machines for manufacturing or hot working glass or glassware;… | 5 | 5 | duty-free |
| 8476 | Automatic goods-vending machines (for example, postage stamp, cigarette, food or beverage machines), including money-changing machines; parts thereof | 5 | 5 | duty-free |
| 8477 | Machinery for working rubber or plastics or for the manufacture of products from these materials, not specified or included elsewhere in this chapter; parts… | 13 | 2 | 3.1% |
| 8478 | Machinery for preparing or making up tobacco, not specified or included elsewhere in this chapter; parts thereof | 2 | 2 | duty-free |
| 8479 | Machines and mechanical appliances having individual functions, not specified or included elsewhere in this chapter; parts thereof | 26 | 20 | duty-free |
| 8480 | Molding boxes for metal foundry; mold bases; molding patterns; molds for metal (other than ingot molds), metal carbides, glass, mineral materials, rubber or… | 12 | 5 | 2.95% |
| 8481 | Taps, cocks, valves and similar appliances, for pipes, boiler shells, tanks, vats or the like, including pressure-reducing valves and thermostatically… | 14 | 1 | 3% |
| 8482 | Ball or roller bearings, and parts thereof | 14 | 0 | 5.8% |
| 8483 | Transmission shafts (including camshafts and crankshafts) and cranks; bearing housings, housed bearings and plain shaft bearings; gears and gearing; ball or… | 24 | 3 | 2.8% |
| 8484 | Gaskets and similar joints of metal sheeting combined with other material or of two or more layers of metal; sets or assortments of gaskets and similar joints,… | 3 | 0 | 2.5% |
| 8485 | Machines for additive manufacturing | 6 | 1 | 2.5% |
| 8486 | Machines and apparatus of a kind used solely or principally for the manufacture of semiconductor boules or wafers, semiconductor devices, electronic integrated… | 5 | 5 | duty-free |
| 8487 | Machinery parts, not containing electrical connectors, insulators, coils, contacts or other electrical features, and not specified or included elsewhere in… | 2 | 1 | 1.95% |