Analysis
NAICS 31181 is the 2022 NAICS industry for bread and bakery product manufacturing, part of 3118 (Bakeries and Tortilla Manufacturing). Census lists 32 example activities under it in the official index.
Between 2018 and 2023 the number of establishments grew 20% and employment rose 8%. The 2018 count used NAICS 2017, so part of a large move can come from codes being redefined rather than from businesses opening or closing.
County Business Patterns counts 12,298 US establishments in this code in 2023, employing 238,759 people at an average annual payroll of $44,277 per employee (12th percentile of national industries). 44% of the establishments have fewer than five employees, which is close to the national mix.
By establishments it ranks 1st of the 3 codes at this level within Bakeries and Tortilla Manufacturing, with 90.6% of them.
Across its national industries Census lists 32 index entries; typical ones are bakeries with baking from flour on the premises, retailing…, bagels made in commercial bakeries and baked goods (except bread, bread-type rolls), frozen….
Census lists 4 related activities that belong elsewhere, most often in 31182, 72251, 44529 and 31191. Businesses that do several things are classified by their primary activity, the one that generates the most value, so check those boundaries before settling on this code.
Official definition
This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing fresh and frozen bread and other bakery products.
Source: US Census Bureau, NAICS 2022 Manual.
Not this code if…
| The business mainly does | Use instead |
|---|---|
| Manufacturing cookies and crackers | 31182 Cookie, Cracker, and Pasta Manufacturing |
| Preparing and selling bakery products (e.g., cookies, pretzels) for immediate consumption | 72251 Restaurants and Other Eating Places |
| Retailing bakery products not for immediate consumption made elsewhere | 44529 Other Specialty Food Retailers |
| Manufacturing pretzels (except soft) | 31191 Snack Food Manufacturing |
Index entries (32)
- Bakeries with baking from flour on the premises, retailing not for immediate consumption
- Bagels made in commercial bakeries
- Baked goods (except bread, bread-type rolls), frozen, manufacturing